181401
NUMERICAL METHODS
(Common to Civil, Aero & EEE)
L T
P C
3
1 0 4
AIM
With the present development of the computer technology, it is
necessary to develop efficient algorithms for solving problems in science,
engineering and technology. This course gives a complete procedure for solving
different kinds of problems occur in engineering numerically.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course, the students would be acquainted with
the basic concepts in numerical methods and their uses are summarized as follows:
i. The roots of nonlinear (algebraic or
transcendental) equations, solutions of large system of linear equations and
eigen value problem of a matrix can be obtained numerically where analytical
methods fail to give solution.
ii. When huge amounts of experimental data are
involved, the methods discussed on interpolation will be useful in constructing
approximate polynomial to represent the data and to find the intermediate
values.
iii. The numerical differentiation and integration
find application when the function in the analytical form is too complicated or
the huge amounts of data are given such as series of measurements, observations
or some other empirical information.
iv. Since many physical laws are couched in terms
of rate of change of one/two or more independent variables, most of the
engineering problems are characterized in the form of either nonlinear ordinary
differential equations or partial differential equations. The methods
introduced in the solution of ordinary differential equations and partial
differential equations will be useful in attempting any engineering problem.
1.
SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS AND EIGENVALUE
PROBLEMS 9
Solution of equation - Fixed point iteration: x=g(x) method –
Newton’s method – Solution of linear system by Gaussian elimination
and Gauss-Jordon methods - Iterative methods - Gauss-Seidel methods -
Inverse of a matrix by Gauss Jordon method – Eigen value of a matrix by
power method and by Jacobi method for symmetric matrix.
2 INTERPOLATION
AND
APPROXIMATION
9
Lagrangian Polynomials – Divided differences – Interpolating
with a cubic spline – Newton’s forward and
backward difference formulas.
3. NUMERICAL
DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION
9
Differentiation using interpolation formulae –Numerical
integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s 1/3 and 3/8 rules – Romberg’s method –
Two and Three point Gaussian quadrature formulas – Double integrals using
trapezoidal and Simpsons’s rules.
4. INITIAL
VALUE PROBLEMS FOR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS
9
Single step methods: Taylor series method – Euler methods for
First order Runge – Kutta method for solving first and second order equations –
Multistep methods: Milne’s and Adam’s predictor and corrector methods.
5.
BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS IN ORDINARY AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS
9
Finite difference solution of second order ordinary differential
equation – Finite difference solution of one dimensional heat equation by
explicit and implicit methods – One dimensional wave equation and two
dimensional Laplace and Poisson equations.
L = 45 T =
15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. VEERARJAN,T and
RAMACHANDRAN.T, ‘NUMERICAL MEHODS with programming in ‘C’ Second Edition
Tata McGraw Hill Pub.Co.Ltd, First reprint 2007.
2. SANKAR RAO K’
NUMERICAL METHODS FOR SCIENTISITS AND ENGINEERS –3rd Edition Princtice Hall of India Private, New Delhi, 2007.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. P. Kandasamy, K.
Thilagavathy and K. Gunavathy, ‘Numerical Methods’, S.Chand Co. Ltd., New
Delhi, 2003.
2. GERALD C.F. and
WHEATE, P.O. ‘APPLIED NUMERICAL ANALYSIS’… Edition, Pearson Education Asia, New Delhi.
L T P C
3 1 0 4
AIM
To expose the students
to the basic principles of Electro mechanical Energy Conversion in Electrical
Apparatus and the operation of Transformers and DC Machines.
OBJECTIVES
i. To familiarize the constructional details, the
principle of operation, prediction of performance, the methods of testing the
transformers and three phase transformer connections.
ii. To introduce the principles of
electromechanical energy conversion in singly and multiply excited systems.
iii. To study the working principles of electrical
machines using the concepts of electromechanical energy conversion principles
and derive expressions for generated voltage and torque developed in all
Electrical Machines.
iv. To study the working principles of DC machines
as Generator and Motor, types, determination of their no-load/load
characteristics, starting and methods of speed control of motors.
v. To estimate the various losses taking place in
D.C. machines and to study the different testing methods to arrive at their
performance.
1. INTRODUCTION
6
Electrical machine types – Magnetic circuits – Inductance –
Statically and Dynamically induced EMF - Torque – Hysteresis- Core losses - AC
operation of magnetic circuits.
2.
TRANSFORMERS 10
Construction –
principle of operation – equivalent circuit – losses – testing – efficiency and
voltage regulation – auto transformer – three phase connections – parallel
operation of transformers – tap changing.
3. ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY
CONVERSION 9
Energy in magnetic systems – field energy, coenergy and
mechanical force – singly and multiply excited systems.
4. BASIC CONCEPTS IN ROTATING
MACHINES 9
Generated voltages in ac and dc machines, mmf
of distributed windings – magnetic fields in rotating machines – rotating mmf
waves – torque in ac and dc machines.
5. DC MACHINES
11
Construction – EMF and torque – circuit model – armature
reaction – commutation – methods of excitation – characteristics of generators
– characteristics of motors – starting and speed control – testing and
efficiency – parallel operation.
L
= 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOK
1.
Nagrath I. J and
Kothari D. P. ‘Electric Machines’, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd,
1990.
2.
P.S. Bimbhra, ‘Electrical Machinery’, Khanna Publishers, 2003.
REFERENCES
1. Fitzgerald.A.E., Charles Kingsely Jr, Stephen
D.Umans, ‘Electric Machinery’, McGraw Hill Books Company, 1992.
2. P. C. Sen., ‘Principles of Electrical Machines
and Power Electronics’, John Wiley&Sons, 1997.
3. K. Murugesh Kumar, ‘Electric Machines’, Vikas
publishing house Pvt Ltd, 2002.
L T
P C
3
1 0 4
AIM
Expose the students to
basics of various power plants so that they will have the comprehensive idea of
power system operation.
OBJECTIVES
To become familiar with operation of various power plants.
1
THERMAL POWER PLANTS
Basic thermodynamic cycles, various components of steam power
plant-layout-pulverized coal burners- Fluidized bed combustion-coal
handling systems-ash handling systems- Forced draft and induced draft fans-
Boilers-feed pumps-super heater- regenerator-condenser- dearearators-cooling tower
2 HYDRO
ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS
Layout-dams-selection of water turbines-types-pumped storage
hydel plants
3 NUCLEAR
POWER PLANTS
Principles of nuclear energy- Fission reactions-nuclear
reactor-nuclear power plants
4 GAS AND DIESEL POWER PLANTS
Types, open and closed cycle gas turbine, work output
& thermal efficiency, methods to improve performance-reheating,
intercoolings, regeneration-advantage and disadvantages- Diesel engine
power plant-component and layout
5 NON-CONVENTIONAL POWER GENERATION
Solar energy collectors, OTEC, wind power plants, tidal power
plants and geothermal resources, fuel cell, MHD power generation-principle,
thermoelectric power generation, thermionic power generation
TEXT BOOKS
1. A Course in Power Plant Engineering by
Arora and Domkundwar, Dhanpat Rai and
Co.Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Power Plant Engineering by P.K. Nag, Tata McGraw Hill,
Second Edition , Fourth reprint 2003.
REFERENCES
1. Power station Engineering and Economy by
Bernhardt G.A.Skrotzki and William A.
Vopat- Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 20th reprint 2002.
2. An introduction to power plant technology
by G.D. Rai-Khanna Publishers,Delhi-
110 005.
3. Power Plant Technology, M.M. El-Wakil McGraw
Hill 1984.
L T
P C
3 1 0
4
(Common to EEE, EIE & ICE)
AIM
To provide sound knowledge in the basic concepts of linear
control theory and design of control system.
OBJECTIVES
i To understand the
methods of representation of systems and to desire their transfer function
models.
ii To provide adequate
knowledge in the time response of systems and steady state error analysis.
iii To accord basic
knowledge in obtaining the open loop and closed–loop frequency responses of
systems.
iv To understand the concept of
stability of control system and methods of stability analysis.
v To study the three ways of
designing compensation for a control system.
1. SYSTEMS
AND THEIR
REPRESENTATION
9
Basic elements in
control systems – Open and closed loop systems – Electrical analogy of
mechanical and thermal systems – Transfer function – Synchros – AC and DC
servomotors – Block diagram reduction techniques – Signal flow
graphs.
2. TIME
RESPONSE
9
Time response – Time
domain specifications – Types of test input – I and II order system response –
Error coefficients – Generalized error series – Steady state error – P, PI, PID
modes of feedback control.
3.
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
9
Frequency response –
Bode plot – Polar plot – Determination of closed loop response from open loop
response – Correlation between frequency domain and time domain specifications.
4.
STABILITY OF CONTROL SYSTEM
9
Characteristics
equation – Location of roots in S plane for stability – Routh Hurwitz criterion
– Root locus construction – Effect of pole, zero addition – Gain margin and
phase margin – Nyquist stability criterion.
5.
COMPENSATOR
DESIGN
9
Performance criteria –
Lag, lead and lag-lead networks – Compensator design using bode plots.
L = 45 T = 15 Total =
60
TEXT BOOKS
1. I.J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, ‘Control Systems Engineering’, New
Age International Publishers, 2003.
2. Benjamin C. Kuo,
Automatic Control systems, Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2003.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. K. Ogata, ‘Modern Control Engineering’, 4th edition, PHI, New Delhi, 2002.
2. Norman S. Nise, Control Systems Engineering, 4th Edition, John Wiley, New Delhi, 2007.
3. Samarajit Ghosh, Control systems, Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2004
4. M. Gopal, ‘Control Systems, Principles and Design’, Tata
McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2002.
(Common to EEE,
EIE & ICE)
To introduce the concepts for realizing functional building
blocks in ICs, fabrications & application of ICs.
OBJECTIVES
i. To study the IC fabrication procedure.
ii. To study characteristics; realize circuits;
design for signal analysis using Op-amp ICs.
iii. To study the applications of Op-amp.
iv. To study internal functional blocks and the
applications of special ICs like Timers, PLL circuits, regulator Circuits,
ADCs.
1. IC
FABRICATION
9
IC classification,
fundamental of monolithic IC technology, epitaxial growth, masking and etching,
diffusion of impurities. Realisation of monolithic ICs and packaging.
Fabrication of diodes, capacitance, resistance and FETs.
2.
CHARACTERISTICS OF OPAMP
9
Ideal OP-AMP
characteristics, DC characteristics, AC characteristics, offset voltage and
current: voltage series feedback and shunt feedback amplifiers, differential
amplifier; frequency response of OP-AMP; Basic applications of op-amp – summer,
differentiator and integrator.
3.
APPLICATIONS OF OPAMP
9
Instrumentation
amplifier, first and second order active filters, V/I & I/V converters,
comparators, multivibrators, waveform generators, clippers, clampers, peak
detector, S/H circuit, D/A converter (R-2R ladder and weighted resistor types),
A/D converter - Dual slope, successive approximation and flash types.
4.
SPECIAL ICs
9
555 Timer circuit –
Functional block, characteristics & applications; 566-voltage controlled
oscillator circuit; 565-phase lock loop circuit functioning and applications,
Analog multiplier ICs.
5.
APPLICATION ICs
9
IC voltage regulators
- LM317, 723 regulators, switching regulator, MA 7840, LM 380 power amplifier,
ICL 8038 function generator IC, isolation amplifiers, opto coupler, opto
electronic ICs.
L = 45 Total = 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Ramakant
A.Gayakward, ‘Op-amps and Linear Integrated Circuits’, IV edition, Pearson
Education, 2003 / PHI. (2000)
2. D.Roy Choudhary,
Sheil B.Jani, ‘Linear Integrated Circuits’, II edition, New Age, 2003.
REFERENCE
BOOKS
1. Jacob Millman,
Christos C.Halkias, ‘Integrated Electronics - Analog and Digital circuits system’,
Tata McGraw Hill, 2003.
2. Robert F.Coughlin,
Fredrick F.Driscoll, ‘Op-amp and Linear ICs’, Pearson Education, 4th edition, 2002 / PHI.
3. David
A.Bell, ‘Op-amp & Linear ICs’, Prentice Hall of India, 2nd edition, 1997
L T
P C
3 1
0 4
AIM
To introduce the
fundamentals of Digital Circuits, combinational and sequential circuit.
OBJECTIVES
i.
To study various number systems and
to simplify the mathematical expressions
using Boolean functions – simple problems.
ii.
To study implementation of combinational circuits
iii. To study the design of various synchronous and
asynchronous circuits.
iv. To expose the students to various memory
devices.
v. To introduce digital simulation techniques for
development of application oriented logic circuit.
1. BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND COMBINATIONAL
CIRCUITS
9
Boolean algebra:
De-Morgan’s theorem, switching functions and simplification using K-maps &
Quine McCluskey method, Design of adder, subtractor, comparators, code
converters, encoders, decoders, multiplexers and demultiplexers.
2. SYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS 9
Flip flops - SR, D, JK
and T. Analysis of synchronous sequential circuits; design of synchronous
sequential circuits – Counters, state diagram; state reduction; state
assignment.
3. ASYNCHRONOUS SEQUENCTIAL CIRCUIT
9
Analysis of
asynchronous sequential machines, state assignment, asynchronous design
problem.
4. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES, MEMORY AND LOGIC
FAMILIES
Memories: ROM, PROM, EPROM, PLA, PLD, FPGA, digital logic
families: TTL, ECL, CMOS.
5. VHDL
RTL Design –
combinational logic – Types – Operators – Packages – Sequential circuit – Sub
programs – Test benches. (Examples: adders, counters, flipflops, FSM,
Multiplexers / Demltiplexers).
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Raj Kamal, ‘ Digital systems-Principles and
Design’, Pearson education 2ndedition,
2007
2. M. Morris Mano, ‘Digital Design’, Pearson
Education, 2006.
3. John M.Yarbrough, ‘Digital Logic, Application & Design’,
Thomson, 2002.
REFERENCES
1. Charles H.Roth,
‘Fundamentals Logic Design’, Jaico Publishing, IV edition, 2002.
2. Floyd and Jain, ‘Digital Fundamentals’, 8th edition, Pearson Education, 2003.
3.John F.Wakerly, ‘Digital Design Principles and Practice’, 3rd edition, Pearson
Education, 2002.
4. Tocci, “Digital Systems : Principles and aopplications, 8th Edition” Pearson Education.
1. Determination
of transfer function of DC Servomotor
2. Determination
of transfer function of AC Servomotor.
3. Analog simulation of Type - 0 and Type –
1 systems
4. Determination of transfer function of DC
Generator
5. Determination of transfer function of DC
Motor
6. Stability analysis of linear systems
7. DC and AC position control systems
8. Stepper motor control system
9. Digital simulation of first
systems
10. Digital simulation of second
systems
P = 45 Total = 45
Requirement for a batch of 30 students
S.No.
|
Description
of Equipment
|
Quantity required
|
Quantity available
|
Deficiency
%
|
1.
|
Interface such as, A/D, D/A
converter, DMA, PIC Serial, Interface, Temperatures controller, Stepper
motor, Key board
|
4
each
|
||
2.
|
CRO and function generator
|
3
each
|
||
3.
|
IC trainer Kit
|
15
|
||
4.
|
Analog AC trainer kit
|
4
|
||
5.
|
Components and bread boards
|
10
each
|
||
6.
|
Chips IC – 7400
|
10
|
||
7.
|
Chips IC – 7402
|
10
|
||
8.
|
Chips IC – 7408
|
10
|
||
9.
|
Chips IC – 7432
|
10
|
||
10.
|
Chips IC – 7410
|
25
|
||
11.
|
Chips IC – 555
|
10
|
||
12.
|
Chips IC – 741
|
10
|
||
13.
|
Chips IC – 74153
|
10
|
||
14.
|
Chips IC – 7474
|
10
|
||
15.
|
Chips IC – 7490
|
10
|
||
16.
|
Chips IC – 7447
|
10
|
||
17.
|
Chips IC – 7476
|
10
|
||
18.
|
Chips IC – 7420
|
10
|
||
19.
|
Chips IC – 7404
|
15
|
||
20.
|
Chips LM – 317
|
10
|
||
21.
|
Chips LM – 723
|
10
|
||
22.
|
Chips MA – 7840
|
10
|
||
23.
|
Chips LM – 380
|
10
|
||
24.
|
Chips ICL - 8038
|
10
|
||
25.
|
Traffic light control kit
|
2
|
||
26.
|
VDU
|
2
|
||
27.
|
7 segment Display
|
5
|
||
28.
|
Interfacing card such as keyboard
etc.
|
3
each
|
||
29.
|
Work tables
|
15
|
AIM
To expose the students to the operation of
D.C. machines and transformers and give them experimental skill.
1. Open circuit and load characteristics of
separately and self excited DC shunt generators.
2. Load characteristics of DC compound generator
with differential and cumulative connection.
3. Load characteristics of DC shunt and compound
motor.
4. Load characteristics of DC series motor.
5. Swinburne’s test and speed control of DC shunt
motor.
6. Hopkinson’s test on DC motor – generator set.
7. Load test on single-phase transformer and
three phase transformer connections.
8. Open circuit and short circuit tests on single
phase transformer.
9. Sumpner’s test on transformers.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
Requirement for a batch of 30 students
S.No.
|
Description
of Equipment
|
Quantity required
|
Quantity available
|
Deficiency
%
|
1.
|
D.C motor – Generator set
D.C motor – Shunt Generator
D.C motor – Compound Generator
|
2 set
2 set
|
||
2.
|
D.C. Shunt Motor
|
2 Nos.
|
||
3.
|
D.C. Series Motor
|
1 No.
|
||
4.
|
D.C. Compound Motor
|
1 No.
|
||
5.
|
Single phase transformers
|
7 Nos.
|
||
6.
|
Three phase transformers
|
2 Nos.
|
||
7.
|
D.C. Motor – Alternator set
|
4 sets
|
||
8.
|
Three phase Induction Motor
(Squirrel cage)
|
3 Nos.
|
||
9.
|
Three phase slip ring Induction
Motor
|
1 No.
|
||
10.
|
Single phase Induction Motor
|
2 Nos.
|
||
11.
|
Resistive load
3 phase – 2 , single phase - 3
|
5 Nos.
|
||
12.
|
Inductive load
|
1 No.
|
||
13.
|
Single phase Auto transformer
|
5 Nos.
|
||
14.
|
Three phase Auto transformer
|
3 Nos.
|
||
15.
|
Moving Coil Ammeter of different
ranges
|
20 Nos.
|
||
16.
|
Moving Coil Voltmeter of different
ranges
|
20 Nos.
|
||
17.
|
Moving Iron Ammeter of different
ranges
|
20 Nos.
|
||
18.
|
Moving Iron voltmeter of different
ranges
|
20 Nos.
|
||
19.
|
Wire wound Rheostats of different
ratings
|
30 Nos.
|
||
20.
|
Tachometers
|
10 Nos.
|
||
21.
|
Single element wattmeters of
different ranges
UPF / LPF
|
20 Nos.
|
||
22.
|
Double element wattmeters of
different ranges
|
4 Nos.
|
||
23.
|
Power factor meter
|
2 Nos.
|
||
24.
|
Digital multimeter
|
5 Nos.
|
||
25.
|
Three point starter, four point
starter,DOL starter, manual star / delta starter, semi automatic and fully
automatic star / delta starter
|
1 No each for study experiment
|
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