SYLLABUS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIII SEMESTER

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EE2451                         ELECTRIC ENERGY GENERATION, UTILISATION AND      CONSERVATION

L  T P C

 3  0 0  3

AIM

To expose students to the main aspects of generation, utilization and conservation.

OBJECTIVES

To impart knowledge on Generation of electrical power by conventional and non-conventional methods.

Electrical energy conservation, energy auditing and power quality.

Principle and design of illumination systems and methods of heating and welding. Electric traction systems and their performance.

Industrial applications of electric drives.

UNIT I             POWER GENERATION                                                                  9

Review of conventional methods - thermal, hydro and nuclear based power generation.  Non-conventional methods of power generation - fuel cells - tidal waves-wind-geothermal-solar-bio-mass - municipal waste.  Cogeneration. Effect of distributed generation on power system 
operation.

UNIT II            ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF GENERATION                                       9

Economic aspects of power generation - load and load duration curves - number and size of units -
cost of electrical energy - tariff. Economics of power factor improvement - power capacitors - power quality. Importance of electrical energy conservation - methods - energy efficient equipments. Introduction to energy auditing.

UNIT III    ILLUMINATION                                                                                          9

Importance of lighting - properties of good lighting scheme - laws of illumination - photometry-types of lamps - lighting calculations - basic design of illumination schemes for  residential, commercial, street lighting, and sports ground - energy efficiency lamps.

UNIT IV           INDUSTRIAL HEATING AND WELDING                                         9

Role electric heating for industrial applications - resistance heating - induction heating - dielectricheating - electric arc furnaces. Brief introduction to electric welding - welding generator, weldingtransformer and the characteristics.

UNIT V            ELECTRIC TRACTION                                                                      9

Merits of electric traction - requirements of electric traction system - supply systems - mechanics of train movement - traction motors and control - braking - recent trends in electric traction.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS

1. C.L. Wadhwa, ‘Generation, Distribution and Utilization of Electrical Energy’, New Age  International Pvt. Ltd, 2003.

2. B.R. Gupta, ‘Generation of Electrical Energy’, Eurasia Publishing House (P) Ltd, New Delhi, 2003.

REFERENCES

1.  H. Partab, ‘Art and Science of Utilisation of Electrical Energy’, Dhanpat Rai and Co,New  Delhi, 2004.

2.  E. Openshaw Taylor, ‘Utilization of Electrical Energy in SI Units’, Orient LongmanPvtLtd,      2003.

3. J.B. Gupta, ‘Utilization of Electric Power and Electric Traction’, S.K. Kataria and Sons  2002.

EE2028                                      POWER QUALITY                                        L T P C

3 0 0  3

AIM:

To study the various issues affecting power quality, their production, monitoring and suppression.

OBJECTIVES:

i.      To study the production of voltages sags, overvoltages and harmonics and methods

of control.

ii.     To study various methods of power quality monitoring

.

UNIT I             INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY                                          9

Terms and definitions: Overloading - under voltage - over voltage. Concepts of transients - short duration variations such as interruption - long duration variation such as sustained interruption. Sags and swells - voltage sag - voltage swell - voltage imbalance - voltage fluctuation - power frequency variations. International standards of power quality.  Computer Business Equipment Manufacturers Associations (CBEMA) curve.

UNIT II            VOLTAGE SAGS AND INTERRUPTIONS                                      9

Sources of sags and interruptions - estimating voltage sag performance. Thevenin’s equivalent source - analysis and calculation of various faulted condition. Voltage sag due to induction motor starting. Estimation of the sag severity - mitigation of voltage sags, active series compensators. Static transfer switches and fast transfer switches.

UNIT III         OVERVOLTAGES                                                                                9

Sources of over voltages - Capacitor switching - lightning - ferro resonance. Mitigation of voltage swells - surge arresters - low pass filters - power conditioners. Lightning protection - shielding - line arresters - protection of transformers and cables. An introduction to computer analysis tools for transients, PSCAD and EMTP.

UNIT IV          HARMONICS                                                                                       9

Harmonic sources from commercial and industrial loads, locating harmonic sources.Power system 
response characteristics - Harmonics Vs transients. Effect of harmonics – harmonic distortion -
voltage and current distortion - harmonic indices - inter harmonics - resonance. Harmonic distortion 
evaluation - devices for controlling harmonic distortion - passive and active filters. IEEE and IEC 
standards.

UNIT V           POWER QUALITY MONITORING                                                   9

Monitoring considerations - monitoring and diagnostic techniques for various power quality problems- modeling of power quality (harmonics and voltage sag) problems by mathematical simulation tools -
power line disturbance analyzer -quality measurement equipment - harmonic / spectrum analyzer - flicker meters - disturbance analyzer. Applications of expert systems for power quality monitoring.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOK:

1.      Roger. C. Dugan, Mark. F. McGranagham, Surya Santoso, H.Wayne Beaty, ‘Electrical Power Systems Quality’ McGraw Hill,2003.(For Chapters1,2,3, 4 and 5)

REFERENCES:

1.      G.T. Heydt, 'Electric Power Quality', 2^nd Edition. (West Lafayette, IN, Stars in a Circle Publications, 1994). (For Chapter 1, 2, 3 and 5)

2.      M.H.J Bollen, ‘Understanding Power Quality Problems: Voltage Sags and Interruptions’, (New

York: IEEE Press, 1999). (For Chapters 1, 2, 3 and 5)

3.      J. Arrillaga, N.R. Watson, S. Chen, 'Power System Quality Assessment', (New York: Wiley,

1999).   (For Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5)

4.      PSCAD User Manual

EE2029       SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION AND ADAPTIVE CONTROL        L T P C

3 0 0  3

UNIT I            PARAMETRIC METHODS                                                               5

Nonparametric  methods:  Transient  analysis-frequency  analysis-Correlation  analysis-  Spectral analysis.

UNIT II            PARAMETRIC METHODS                                                          10

Linar  Regression:  The  Lease  square  estimate-best  liner  unbiased  estimation under linear constraints-  updating  the  Parameter  estimates  for  linear regression models-Prediction error methods:  Description  of  Prediction  error  methods-Optimal  Prediction -  relationships  betweenPrediction error methods and other identification methods-theoretical analysis.Instrumental variable methods: description of Instrumental variable methods-theoretical analysiscovariance matrix of IV estimates- Comparison of optimal IV prediction error methods.

UNIT III            RECURSIVE IDENTIFICATION METHODS                               10

The recursive lest squares method-the recursive Instrument variable method-the recursive predictionerror method-model validation and model structure determination.Identification of systems operating in closed loop: Identifiability considerations-direct identificationIndirect identification-joint input - output identification.

UNIT IV            ADAPTIVE CONTROL SCHEMES                                             10

Introduction - users- Definitions-auto tuning-types of adaptive control-gain scheduling controllermodel reference adaptive control schemes - self tunning controller. MRAC and  STC : Approaches -
The Gradient approach - Lyapunov functions - Passivity theory - pole placement method Minimum variance control - Predictive control.

UNIT V          ISSUES IN ADAPTIVE CONTROL AND APPLICATION                10

Stability - Convergence - Robustness - Application of adaptive control.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS

1.         Soderstorm.T and Petre stioca, System Identification, Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd.1989.

2.      Karl J.Astrom and Bjorn Wittenmark, Adaptive Conrol, Pearson Education, 2^nd Editon, 2001.

REFERENCES

1.         Ljung,L.System Identification: Theory for the user, Pretice Hall, Englewood cliffs, 1987.

2.      Sastry S. and Bodson M., Adaptive control - stability, Convergence ad Robustness,

Prentice Hall  inc., New Jersey, 12989.

EE2030                OPERATIONS RESEARCH                                               L T P C

3 0 0  3

AIM:

To introduce the Linear Programming methods, Algorithms, LC PM and  PERT.

OBJECTIVES:

·  To study various LP methods.
·   To study Algorithms methods.

·   To study case studies using CPM and PERT

UNIT I             INTRODUCTION                                                                                  9

Role of Operations Research - Operations Research Models and techniques. LP model and 
technique - formulation and  graphical Solution - graphical  sensitivity  Analysis.  The  SimplexAlgorithm - the two phase method - degeneracy - alterative optima - unbounded and/or InfeasibleSolution - redundancies.

UNIT II            PROBLEM FORMULATION                                                                  9

Definitions of the Dual Problem - Primal-dual Relationship - Economic Interpretation of Duality-
Dual Simplex Method - Primal Dual Computation - Post Optimal or Sensitivity Analysis-Changes Affecting Feasibility - Changes Affecting Optimality - Revised Simplex Method - LP Packages.

UNIT III           ALGORITHMS AND MODELS                                                     9

Definition of Transportation Model - The Transportation Algorithm - Determination of the Starting 
Solution - Iterative Computations of an Algorithm - The Assignment Model - The Hungarian Method- The Transshipment Model - Inter Programming Problem - Cutting Plane Algorithm.

UNIT IV           NETWORK SOLUTIONS                                                                       9

Scope of Network Applications - Network Solution - Minimal Spanning Tree Algorithm - Shortest Route Problem - Examples - Shortest Route Algorithm - Maximal Flow Model - Minimal cost Capacitated Flow Problems.

UNIT V            CASE STUDIES USING CPM AND PERT                        9

Network Diagram Representation - Critical Path Method - Time Estimates - Crashing - Time Charts- PERT and CPM for Project Scheduling - Resource Planning - Case Studies.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS

1.   Hamdy A. Taha, ”Operation Research - An Introduction“ ,7^th Edition Person Education Prentice Hall of India Edition, Asia, 2002. (For All Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4   and 5)

REFERENCES

1.  Ronald. L. Rardin ,”Optimization in Operation Research”, Pearson Education, Asia,     2002.

2.  JIT.S Chandran, Mahendran P.Kawatra Ki Ho Kim ,”Essential of Linear Programming”, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1994.

3.  Hiller F.S, Liberman G.J ,”Introduction to Operation Research”, 7^th Edition,McGrawHill,2001.       (For all Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5)

4.  R.Panneer Selvam ,”Operations Research”, Prentice Hall of India, 2002. (For All Chapters).

5.  P.C.Tulsin,”Quantitative Technique : Theory and Problem”, Pearson Education, 2002.

6.  Ravindran, Phillips, Solberg       ,”Operation Research Principles and Practice”, Second Edition,John Wiley, 1987

EI2403                                  VLSI DESIGN                                                                L T P C

3  0 0 3

AIM

To understand the basic concepts of VLSI and CMOS design.

OBJECTIVES

·   To give clear idea about the basics of  VLSI design and its importance. 

·   To know about the operating principles of MOS transistor.

·   To study about construction of NMOS, CMOS and Bi-CMOS based logic gates.

·   To understand the functioning of programmable and Reprogrammable devices.

·   To learn about the programming of Programmable device using Hardware description Language.

,

UNIT I         BASIC MOS TRANSISTOR                                                            9

Enhancement mode & Depletion mode - Fabrication (NMOS, PMOS, CMOS, BiCMOS) Technology

- NMOS transistor current equation - second order effects - MOS Transistor Model.

UNIT II        NMOS & CMOS INVERTER AND GATES                                            9

NMOS & CMOS inverter - Determination of pull up / pull down ratios - stick diagram - lambda based rules - super buffers - BiCMOS & steering logic.

UNIT III       SUB SYSTEM DESIGN & LAYOUT                                                9

Structured design of combinational circuits - Dynamic CMOS & clocking - Tally circuits - (NAND-NAND, NOR-NOR and AOI logic) - EXOR structure - Multiplexer structures - Barrel shifter.

UNIT IV     DESIGN OF COMBINATIONAL ELEMENTS & REGULAR ARRAYLOGIC                                                                                                9

NMOS PLA - Programmable Logic Devices     - Finite State Machine PLA -  Introduction to FPGA,CPLD.

UNIT V        VHDL PROGRAMMING                                                                       9

RTL Design - Detructured level Design -combinational logic - Types - Operators – Packages Sequential circuit - Sub programs - Test benches. (Examples: address, counters, flipflops, FSM,Multiplexers / Demltiplexers).

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS

1.     D.A.Pucknell, K.Eshraghian, ‘Basic VLSI Design’, 3^rd Edition, Prentice Hall of India, New  Delhi, 2003.

2.   Eugene D.Fabricius, ‘Introduction to VLSI Design’, Tata McGraw Hill, 1990.

REFERENCES

1.                     N.H.Weste, ‘Principles of CMOS VLSI Design’, Pearson Education, India, 2002.

2.                     Charles H.Roth, ‘Fundamentals of Logic Design’, Jaico Publishing House, 1992.

3.                     Zainalatsedin Navabi, ‘VHDL Analysis and Modelling of Digital Systems’, 2ⁿ Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 1998.

4.                     Douglas Perry, ‘VHDL Programming By Example’, Tata McGraw Hill, 3^rdEdition.2007.

5.  Parag K.Lala, ‘Digitl System Design using PLD’, BS Publications, 2003.

EE2032            HIGH VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT TRANSMISSION                 L T P C

3  0 0 3

AIM

To develop the skills in the area of HVDC power transmission with the analysis of HVDC converters,harmonics and design of filters.

OBJECTIVE

i.                           To understand the concept, planning of DC power transmission and comparison with ACpower transmission.

ii        To analyze HVDC converters.

iii       To study about compounding and regulation.

iv      To analyze harmonics and design of filters.

v       To learn about HVDC cables and simulation tools.

UNIT I           INTRODUCTION                                                                                 9

Introduction of DC Power transmission technology - Comparison of AC and DC transmission-Application of DC transmission - Description of DC transmission system -   Planning for HVDCtransmission - Modern trends in DC transmission.

UNIT II             ANALYSIS OF HVDC CONVERTERS                                         9

Pulse number - Choice of converter configuration - Simplified analysis of Graetz circuit – Converter bridge characteristics - Characteristics of a twelve pulse converter - Detailed analysis of converters.

UNIT III            COMPOUNDING AND REGULATIONS                                      9

General - Required regulation        - Inverter compounding - Uncompounded inverter – Rectifier compounding   -  Transmission  characteristics  with  the  rectifier  and  inverter  compounding   -Communication link - Current regulation from the inverter side - Transformer tap changing

UNIT IV            HARMONICS AND FILTERS                                                   9

Introduction - Generation of harmonics - Design of AC filters and DC filters - Interference with neighbouring  communication lines.

UNIT V            HVDC CABLES AND SIMULATION OF HVDC SYSTEMS             9

Introduction of DC cables      - Basic physical phenomenon arising in DC insulation – Practical dielectrics - Dielectric stress consideration - Economics of DC cables compared with AC cables. Introduction to system simulation - Philosophy and tools - HVDC system simulation - Modeling of HVDC systems for digital dynamic simulation.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOK       

1.                      Padiyar, K. R., “HVDC power transmission system”, Wiley Eastern Limited,NewDelhi 1990.First  edition.

2.  Edward Wilson Kimbark, “Direct Current Transmission”, Vol. I, Wiley interscience,NewYork, London, Sydney, 1971.

REFERENCES

1.  Colin  Adamson  and  Hingorani  N  G,       “High  Voltage  Direct  Current  Power  Transmission”,Garraway Limited, London, 1960.

2.  Arrillaga, J., “High Voltage Direct Current Transmission”, Peter Pregrinus, London, 1983.

3.  Rakosh  Das Begamudre,  “Extra  High  Voltage  AC  Transmission Engineering”, New  Age Interantional (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 1990.

GE2023                      FUNDAMENTAL OF NANOSCIENCE                        L T P C

3  0 0 3

UNIT I              INTRODUCTION                         10

Nano scale Science and Technology- Implications for Physics, Chemistry, Biology and   Engineering-classifications of nanostructure materials- nano particles- quantum dots, nanowires-ultra-thin films-ultilayered materials. Length Scales involved and effect on properties: Mechanical, Electronic, ptical, Magnetic and Thermal properties. Introduction to properties and motivation for study (qualitative 
only).

UNIT II             PREPARATION METHODS                                                         5

Bottom-up Synthesis-Top-down Approach: Precipitation, Mechanical Milling, Colloidal routes, Selfassembly, Vapour phase deposition, MOCVD, Sputtering, Evaporation, Molecular Beam Epitaxy, Atomic Layer Epitaxy, MOMBE.

UNIT III   PATTERNING AND LITHOGRAPHY FOR NANOSCALE DEVICES      5

Introduction to optical/UV electron beam and X-ray Lithography systems and processes, Wet etching, dry (Plasma /reactive ion) etching, Etch resists-dip pen lithography

UNIT IV           PREPARATION ENVIRONMENTS                                             10

Clean rooms: specifications and design, air and water purity, requirements for particular processes, Vibration free environments: Services and facilities required. Working practices, sample cleaning, Chemical purification, chemical and biological contamination, Safety issues, flammable and toxic hazards, biohazards.

UNIT V             CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES                                     10

X-ray diffraction technique, Scanning Electron Microscopy - environmental techniques, TransmissionElectron Microscopy including high-resolution imaging, Surface Analysis techniques- AFM, SPM, STM, SNOM, ESCA, SIMS-Nanoindentation

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS

1. A.S. Edelstein and R.C. Cammearata, eds., Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and    Applications, (Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol and Philadelphia, 1996)

2. N John Dinardo, Nanoscale charecterisation of surfaces & Interfaces, Second edition,   Weinheim Cambridge, Wiley-VCH, 2000

REFERENCES

1.    G Timp (Editor), Nanotechnology, AIP press/Springer, 1999

2. Akhlesh Lakhtakia (Editor) The Hand Book of Nano Technology, “NanometerStructure”, Theory, Modeling and Simulations. Prentice-Hall of India (P) Ltd, New Delhi, 2007.

EE2036                      FLEXIBLE  AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS             L T  P C

3  0 0  3

AIM:   

To enhance the transmission capability of transmission system by shunt and series  compensation using static controllers.

OBJECTIVES:

i.       To understand the concept of flexible AC transmission and the associated problems.

ii.       To review the static devices for series and shunt control.

iii.      To study the operation of controllers for enhancing the transmission capability.

UNIT I             INTRODUCTION                                                                         9

The concept of flexible AC transmission - reactive power control in electrical power transmission lines -uncompensated transmission line - series and shunt compensation. Overview of FACTS devices - Static Var Compensator (SVC) - Thyristor Switched Series capacitor (TCSC) - Unified Power Flow controller (UPFC) - Integrated Power Flow Controller (IPFC).

UNIT II       STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR (SVC) AND APPLICATIONS           9

Voltage control by SVC - advantages of slope in dynamic characteristics - influence of  SVC  on system voltage. Applications - enhancement of transient stability -steady   state power  transfer - enhancement of power system damping - prevention of voltage instability.

UNIT III  THYRISTOR CONTROLLED SERIES CAPACITOR(TCSC)AND APPLICATIONS                                                                                                 9

Operation of the TCSC - different modes of operation - modeling of TCSC - variable reactance model - modeling for stability studies. Applications - improvement of the system stability limit  enhancement of system damping - voltage collapse prevention.

UNIT IV           EMERGING  FACTS CONTROLLERS                                       9

Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) - operating principle - V-I characteristics  Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) - Principle of operation -     modes  of  operation   -  applications modeling of UPFC for power flow  studies.

UNIT V            CO-ORDINATION OF FACTS CONTROLLERS                        9

FACTs Controller interactions - SVC-SVC interaction - co-ordination of multiple  controllers using linear control techniques - Quantitative treatment of control

coordination.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOK:

1. Mohan Mathur, R., Rajiv. K. Varma, “Thyristor - Based Facts Controllers for Electrical Transmission Systems”, IEEE press and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

REFERENCES:

1.     A.T.John, “Flexible AC Transmission System”, Institution of Electrical and  Electronic Engineers (IEEE), 1999.

2.  Narain G.Hingorani, Laszio. Gyugyl, “Understanding FACTS Concepts and    Technology of  Flexible AC Transmission System”, Standard Publishers, Delhi 2001.